• Attacks by other groups
• Attacks by wild animals
• Hunger and starvation
• Death caused by diseases eg Malaria
• Sleeping sickness
• Nagano Killed Livestock
• Loss of women and livestock to other groups
• Different groups joined and there was language barrier
• Trade was ddisturbed
• Agriculture was disturbed
• Succession disputes
• They crossed flooded rivers

Check this post for more: https://eduzim.co.zw/ndebele-migrationjourney-from-nguniland-to-western-zimbabwe/

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