Short History of Africa

Chapter 1. The Races of Africa. …………………………………………..3
Chapter 2. The Kushites : Meroe : Nubia. ………………………………5
Chapter 3. North Africa until the 7th Century A.D. : Carthage : Rome
: The Vandals : Byzantium…………………………………..6
Chapter 4. North Africa : The Arabs. …………………………………….9
Chapter 5. The Early Kingdoms of the Western and Central Sudan.11
Chapter 6. Eastern and Central Africa : The Swahili. ………………. 13
Chapter 7. The West African Forest Kingdoms. ……………………… 15
Chapter 9. Portuguese Exploration and Colonisation. ………………. 18
Chapter 10. The Slave Trade. ……………………………………………. 20
Chapter 12. Africa in the Early Years of the 19th Century. …………. 22
Chapter 12. European Exploration 1770-1870. ……………………….. 25
Chapter 13. French and British Activities in Africa from the 1820s to
1880s. ………………………………………………………… 27
Chapter 14. The “Scramble for Africa”………………………………….. 30
Chapter 15. The Colonial Period. ………………………………………… 34
Chapter 16. The Africans become Independent. ……………………… 36
Chapter 18. After Independence: North Africa………………………… 42
Chapter 19.After Independence: The Countries of the Sudan……… 45
Chapter 20. After Independence – West Africa………………………… 48
Chapter 22. After Independence: Central Africa. …………………….. 59
Chapter 23.After Independence: Southern Central Africa. …………. 64
Chapter 24. Southern Africa since 1965. ………………………………. 67
Map: Ancient Africa ……………………………………………….. 71
Map: 15th to 19th Centuries ………………………………………. 73
Map: The Colonial Period …………………………………………. 75
Map: After Independence ………………………………………… 76